Examining Attitudes and Online Distractors in Turkish EMI Context during Emergency Remote Teaching

This study aimed to examine the attitudes of students enrolled in an English preparatory program of a Turkish state university towards the use of emergency remote teaching as a mode of distance education in the 2019-2020 COVID-19 outbreak and to reveal online distractors students experienced throughout this process. A total of 270 EFL students participated in the study;93 of these participants were female, and 177 were male. The study employed an explanatory sequential design, in which firstly quantitative data were collected using a scale ([alpha] = 0.871), and then qualitative data were gathered through open-ended questions followed by semi-structured ones. The quantitative data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS software while the qualitative data were analyzed through a thematic analysis conducted by the researcher and two other experts ([kappa] = 0.70). The results showed that the students held partially positive attitudes towards the use of emergency remote teaching as a mode of distance education. There were significant differences between the students' overall attitudes and their gender, digital literacy, technological accessibility, and perceived language success. The relationship between the online distractors students experienced during Emergency Remote Teaching and their attitudes was also discussed. The conclusions were made in the light of the findings, and implications and suggestions for further research were stated.

A Trend Analysis of Research on the Flipped Classroom in L2 Learning before and after COVID-19

The aim of this research is to examine the EFL flipped classroom trend before and during COVID-19 by the frequent types of research designs and topics investigated in the studies. For this purpose, a content analysis was used as the research methodology. A content analysis was implemented for each article regarding research design and subject. A total of 44 research papers from journals listed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Springer, and Scopus were analyzed. Only recent studies between 2017 and 2021 were reviewed because this study aims to analyze papers published immediately before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. First, the results showed writing skills were investigated more than speaking and listening skills. Next, the flipped classroom positively affected EFL learners' writing, grammar, and speaking anxiety. In addition, the most commonly used research method was the mixed method (n = 25), and the least used was the qualitative method (n = 3) during the years 2017–2021. The findings also revealed that the trend decreased from 2017 to 2018;however, it increased rapidly after 2018. This paper implicates that the recent research trend on flipped classrooms during emergency online L2 education focused on EFL writing, more research is needed to examine other language skills.